{"id":33,"date":"2020-02-03T19:50:34","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T19:50:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/knowrivalry.aux.dev\/?page_id=33"},"modified":"2024-07-04T16:26:31","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T20:26:31","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"33\" class=\"elementor elementor-33\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-296a2553 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"296a2553\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-28496f27\" data-id=\"28496f27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a6e70f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a6e70f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-44c355a1\" data-id=\"44c355a1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3fa822 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4c3fa822\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is rivalry?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d266b1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d266b1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">According to Tyler & Cobbs (2017), rivalry is:<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220b68ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"220b68ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\"><i>Conflict with a highly salient outgroup that poses acute threat and enhancement to ingroup identity and\/or esteem.<\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-64b82e69\" data-id=\"64b82e69\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f4e3d6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f4e3d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23fb8cd\" data-id=\"23fb8cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-81028da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81028da\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14ef1f\" data-id=\"c14ef1f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71a0583 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71a0583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<h1>What sparks a rivalry?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7b019e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7b019e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>A thorough explanation can be found in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1010558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tyler &amp; Cobbs (2015)<\/a>, but in short, 10 main ingredients fall into three categories: Conflict Conditions, Strong Similarity, and Deep Differences.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-917f881 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"917f881\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ef2ef7\" data-id=\"0ef2ef7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed76b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"ed76b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div id=\"eael-advance-tabs-ed76b86\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active responsive-vertical-layout\" data-tabid=\"ed76b86\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"\">\n                                            <li id=\"conflict-conditions\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"conflict-conditions-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">CONFLICT CONDITIONS<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"strong-similarity\" class=\" eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"strong-similarity-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">STRONG SIMILARITY<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"deep-difference\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"deep-difference-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">DEEP DIFFERENCE<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"conflict-conditions-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"conflict-conditions-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"single-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2037\" class=\"elementor elementor-2037\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4985071 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4985071\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-912ff7d\" data-id=\"912ff7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd110d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd110d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Consistency: <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27f727e\" data-id=\"27f727e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a650f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a650f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Frequent or recurring competition between the opponents<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860b797\" data-id=\"860b797\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-053e5b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"053e5b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cTwice a year every year since 1960\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52bee2e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52bee2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e9a984\" data-id=\"9e9a984\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe76406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe76406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Conspicuous Moments: <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e67727\" data-id=\"5e67727\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b2cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b2cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Memorable incident\u2014positive or negative\u2014between competitors\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e7bebe\" data-id=\"8e7bebe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-589827e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"589827e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote<em>: \u201cDustin Brown&#8217;s hit on Rosival in 2011 playoffs\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd935a4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd935a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-136934d\" data-id=\"136934d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4101c55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4101c55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Conspicuous Characters: <\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afff81f\" data-id=\"afff81f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcbb3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcbb3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Extraordinary individuals (performers, personalities, legacies)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8b5353\" data-id=\"c8b5353\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4d94b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d4d94b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote<em>: \u201cBrady vs. Manning\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4cf59c8 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4cf59c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-867b55b\" data-id=\"867b55b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63fc70f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63fc70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Competitiveness:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-629d170\" data-id=\"629d170\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afe3095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afe3095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Comparable success (recent\/historic) or uncertainty of outcome<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8df2868\" data-id=\"8df2868\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2b3238 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2b3238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201c2 historically great teams\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"strong-similarity-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item \" data-title-link=\"strong-similarity-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"single-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2043\" class=\"elementor elementor-2043\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4985071 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4985071\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-912ff7d\" data-id=\"912ff7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd110d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd110d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Spatial Proximity:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27f727e\" data-id=\"27f727e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a650f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a650f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Competitors are located close to each other<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860b797\" data-id=\"860b797\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-053e5b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"053e5b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cWhen you grow up with two schools in close proximity, you get a lot of arguing from peers\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52bee2e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52bee2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e9a984\" data-id=\"9e9a984\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe76406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe76406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Synonymous Values\/Appearance:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e67727\" data-id=\"5e67727\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b2cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b2cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Shared values\/appearance between opponents or supporters<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e7bebe\" data-id=\"8e7bebe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-589827e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"589827e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cSimilar institutions with similar missions and proud histories\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd935a4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd935a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-136934d\" data-id=\"136934d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4101c55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4101c55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Shared Supply Pool:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afff81f\" data-id=\"afff81f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcbb3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcbb3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Competition for labor talent and\/or other resources<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8b5353\" data-id=\"c8b5353\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4d94b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d4d94b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cBoth teams often recruit some of the same players in the Midwest Region\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"deep-difference-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"deep-difference-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"single-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2049\" class=\"elementor elementor-2049\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4985071 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4985071\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-912ff7d\" data-id=\"912ff7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd110d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd110d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Dominance<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27f727e\" data-id=\"27f727e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a650f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a650f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>One competitor aspires to overcome the historical success or dominance of the other<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860b797\" data-id=\"860b797\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-053e5b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"053e5b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cWe usually get our asses kicked\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52bee2e elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"52bee2e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e9a984\" data-id=\"9e9a984\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe76406 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe76406\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Disparate Values\/Appearance<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e67727\" data-id=\"5e67727\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b2cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b2cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Conflicting values\/appearance between opponents or supporters<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8e7bebe\" data-id=\"8e7bebe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-589827e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"589827e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cIslanders-Rangers rivalry is basically built on the blue-collar hardworkers versus the haughty rich city folk\u201c<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd935a4 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd935a4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-136934d\" data-id=\"136934d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4101c55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4101c55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Discrimination by Authority<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afff81f\" data-id=\"afff81f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcbb3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcbb3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Perceived preferential treatment by competition regulators<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8b5353\" data-id=\"c8b5353\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d4d94b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d4d94b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Fan quote: <em>\u201cLeague caters heavily to facilitate NYRB&#8217;s success\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0058e35 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0058e35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/lab\/Know-Rivalry-Project-Joe-Cobbs\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-button-link elementor-button elementor-size-sm\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">FOLLOW OUR WORK ON RESEARCHGATE<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c597f7a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c597f7a\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"what-are-rivalry-points\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-724c075\" data-id=\"724c075\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-db9404d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db9404d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-56f261f\" data-id=\"56f261f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d44e27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d44e27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<h1>What are rivalry points?<\/h1><h3>To measure fans&#8217; perceptions of rivalry, we provide <a href=\"\/take-the-survey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">our survey<\/a> respondents with 100 &#8216;rivalry points&#8217; to allocate across their favorite team&#8217;s opponents.<\/h3><p>We also ask respondents about their feelings and reactions toward rivals, as well as why their favorite team and the teams to which respondents allocate points should be considered rivals.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e03296d\" data-id=\"e03296d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4105673 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4105673\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"888\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-871\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints.jpg 888w, https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints-300x133.jpg 300w, https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints-768x341.jpg 768w, https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints-260x115.jpg 260w, https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints-50x22.jpg 50w, https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Rivalry-POints-150x67.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 888px) 100vw, 888px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26f2701 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26f2701\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20a2110\" data-id=\"20a2110\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-14a5982 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"14a5982\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e3f313a\" data-id=\"e3f313a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9d8ae9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9d8ae9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What do the data mean?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e43d98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e43d98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><b>Rivalry Points:\u00a0<\/b>The survey asked respondents to allocate 100 &#8220;rivalry points&#8221; across opponents of their favorite teams. For instance, if John&#8217;s favorite team is the Springfield Isotopes, he may choose to allocate 60 points to the Shelbyvillians, whom he considers to be the Isotopes&#8217;s strongest rival, 30 points to the Norsemen, another opposing team he considers to be a rival of the Isotopes, and 10 points to the Woodchucks, a third opponent. Maria is another Isoptopes fan, and she chooses to allocate all 100 points to the Norsemen, the only team she considers to be a rival.<\/p><p>The\u00a0<b>rivalry score<\/b> is calculated by taking the average point total toward a rival from all a team&#8217;s respondents. The maximum rivalry score is 100, which would mean all respondents listed that team as the lone rival. In our example above, the rivalry score for the Norsemen would be 65, which is the average of John\u2019s 30 points and Maria\u2019s 100 points (Shelbyvillians = 30 points, Woodchucks = 5 points).<\/p><p>The\u00a0<b>rivalry dyad score<\/b> (or &#8216;aggregate score&#8217;) is calculated by adding respondents&#8217; average rivalry score toward a particular opponent to the opposing average score of that opponent&#8217;s fans. In our example above, if the Norsemen fans held a rivalry score of 50 for the Isotopes, the rivalry dyad score for Isotopes-Norseman would be 115 (65 from Isotopes fans toward the Norseman, and 50 from the Norseman toward the Isotopes). The maximum aggregate score is 200, where all respondents of both teams allocated all 100 rivalry points to the same opponent, and every respondent of the opponent reciprocated with 100 points.<\/p><p>The\u00a0<strong>rivalry dyad difference<\/strong> (or &#8216;difference score&#8217;) is calculated by subtracting respondents&#8217; average rivalry score toward a particular opponent from the opposing average score of that opponent&#8217;s fans. Continuing the same example from above, the rivalry dyad difference between the Isotopes and Norseman would be 15 (Isotopes 65 score toward Norseman subtracted from Norseman fans&#8217; score of 50 toward Isotopes). For difference scores, larger numbers indicated more unbalanced rivalries, where one team&#8217;s fans are allocating many rivalry points to an opponent whose own fans do not reciprocate with a high allocation of their own rivalry points.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfb5373 elementor-hidden-phone\" data-id=\"bfb5373\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d21cc2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d21cc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d931f0\" data-id=\"2d931f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-698e8c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"698e8c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7231526\" data-id=\"7231526\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c801ae\" data-id=\"6c801ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78715ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78715ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How were the data collected?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d9ee4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d9ee4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<div>\n<p>In August 2013, we began by surveying college football fans from Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, or Division I-A) teams using on an online questionnaire posted on almost 200 fan message boards. In the Know Rivalry survey, we ask sports fans about &#8216;rivalry points,&#8217; as well as respondent identification with the team, feelings and schadenfreude toward opponents and\/or their fans, behavioral measures of bias, and basic demographic questions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>In 2015-16, we expanded into professional sports by surveying fans across the five major professional leagues in the United States and Canada. To do so, we posted links to <a href=\"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/take-the-survey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">our surveys<\/a>&nbsp;on fan message boards for every team in Major League Baseball (MLB), Major League Soccer (MLS), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div>Since then, we have continued to engage fans within these sports through additional rounds of data collection and expanding our reach beyond North America (n&gt;50,000). We are grateful to all respondents who offered their perspectives as part of this ongoing research, and we look forward to continuing to share these findings for other researchers, practitioners, and fans.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c855e8 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c855e8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e249919\" data-id=\"e249919\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ba0829 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"5ba0829\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t        <div id=\"eael-advance-tabs-5ba0829\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active\" data-tabid=\"5ba0829\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav\">\n                <ul class=\"\">\n                                            <li id=\"selected-rivalry-works-by-tyler-andor-cobbs\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"selected-rivalry-works-by-tyler-andor-cobbs-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">Selected rivalry works by Tyler and\/or Cobbs<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"conference-presentations\" class=\" eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"conference-presentations-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">Conference Presentations<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"a-rivalry-bibliography\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"a-rivalry-bibliography-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                            \n                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title  title-after-icon\">A Rivalry Bibliography<\/span>                                                    <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"selected-rivalry-works-by-tyler-andor-cobbs-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"selected-rivalry-works-by-tyler-andor-cobbs-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        <div><p class=\"p1\">Tyler, B. D., Cobbs, J., Nichols, B. S., Dalakas, V. (2021). Schadenfreude, rivalry antecedents, and the role of perceived sincerity in sponsorship of sport rivalries. <i>Journal of Business Research, 124<\/i>(January), 708-719. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.029\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.029<\/a><\/p><p class=\"p1\">Nichols, B. S., Cobbs, J., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2020). Rival Team Effects in Cause-related Sports Marketing. <i>International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship<\/i>, 21(1), 23-45. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSMS-01-2019-0010\/full\/html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/IJSMS-01-2019-0010\/full\/html<\/a><\/p><p>Tyler, B. D., Cobbs, J., Xantos, Y. K. (2019). The Roots of Rivalry: Elements and Core Characteristics of Sport Rivalry. In Cody T. Havard (Ed.), Understanding Rivalry and Its Influence on Sports Fans (pp. 1-37). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. <br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/chapter\/the-roots-of-rivalry\/225526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.igi-global.com\/chapter\/the-roots-of-rivalry\/225526<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Cobbs, J., Martinez del Campo del Castillo, D., Tyler, B. D., &amp; Ditter, J. (2019). Regional variation in rivalry: Canadians really are friendlier.\u00a0<i>Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 31<\/i>(3), 191-202. doi:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/08961530.2018.1531364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.1080\/08961530.2018.1531364<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Tyler, B. D., Morehead, C., Cobbs, J. B., &amp; DeSchriver, T. D. (2017). What is rivalry? Old and new approaches to specifying rivalry in demand estimations of spectator sports.\u00a0<i>Sport Marketing Quarterly, 26<\/i>(4), 204-222.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fitpublishing.com\/articles\/what-rivalry-old-and-new-approaches-specifying-rivalry-demand-estimations-spectator-sports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">URL<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"krResearchPubAbstract\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xRPGPZXg_js?t=4m6s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1 minute video summary, part of SMQ Podcast<\/a><\/div><div><p>Cobbs, J. B., Sparks, D., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017). Comparing rivalry effects across professional sports: National Football League fans exhibit most animosity.\u00a0<i>Sport Marketing Quarterly, 26<\/i>(4), 235-246.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/fitpublishing.com\/articles\/comparing-rivalry-effects-across-professional-sports-national-football-league-fans-exhibit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">URL<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"krResearchPubAbstract\"><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/xRPGPZXg_js?t=1m43s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1 minute video summary, part of SMQ Podcast<\/a><\/div><div><p>Cobbs, J. B. &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017). The genesis of team rivalry in the New World: Sparks to fan animosity in Major League Soccer.\u00a0<i>Soccer &amp; Society<\/i>. doi:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399609<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Parrish, C. T., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017). Supercl\u00e1sicos and rivalry antecedents: Exploring soccer club rivalries in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.\u00a0<i>Soccer &amp; Society<\/i>. doi:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399604<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Tyler, B. D. &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2017). All rivals are not equal: Clarifying misrepresentations and discerning three core properties of rivalry.\u00a0<i>Journal of Sport Management, 31<\/i>, pp 1-14. DOI:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1123\/jsm.2015-0371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.1123\/jsm.2015-0371<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Tyler, B. D. &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2015). Rival conceptions of rivalry: Why some competitions mean more than others.\u00a0<i>European Sport Management Quarterly, 15<\/i>(2), 227-248, DOI:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1010558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10.1080\/16184742.2015.1010558<\/a><br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2530260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Full Paper<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"conference-presentations-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item \" data-title-link=\"conference-presentations-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        <div><p>Cobbs, J., Star, S., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2023, March [postponed from 2022]). <em>Rivalry Dispersion Theory: Are multiple rivals good for society?<\/em> Research presented at the World Association for Sport Management Conference [WASM], Doha, Qatar.<\/p><p>Cobbs, J., Tyler, B. D., Truta, T. M., &amp; Nichols, B. (2022, August). <em>Mitigating antisocial effects in college football rivalries<\/em>. Research presented at the summer meeting of the American Marketing Association, Chicago, IL.<\/p><p>Cobbs, J., Star, S., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2022, February 18). <em>Do the ingredients to rivalry influence antisocial outcomes? A multi-sport exploration<\/em>. Research presented at the Applied Sport Management Association Conference, Indianapolis, IN.<\/p><p>Cobbs, J., Nichols, B. S., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2019, November 7). <em>Rivalry and player involvement effects in cause-related sports marketing<\/em>. Research presented at the annual meeting of the Sport Marketing Association, Chicago, IL.<br \/>**Winner, Best Paper Award for Conference**<\/p><p>Tyler, B. D., Cobbs, J., &amp; Star, S. (2019, October 17). <em>Rivalry in the Indian Premier League.<\/em> Research presented at the World Association for Sport Management [WASM] Conference, Santiago, Chile.<\/p><p>Cobbs, J., Nichols, B. S., Tyler, B. D., &amp; Dalakas, V. (2019, August 9). <em>Navigating the culture war in sponsorship of rivalries.<\/em>\u00a0Research presented at the American Marketing Association Summer Educators' Conference, Chicago, IL.<\/p><p>Tyler, B. D., Cobbs, J., &amp; Dalakas, V. (2018, March 9). <em>Schadenfreude and rivalries: Implications for sponsors<\/em>. Research presented at the Sport Marketing and Sponsorship Conference, San Diego, CA.<\/p><p>Morehead, C., Cobbs, J. B., DeSchriver, T. D., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017, October).\u00a0<i>Accounting for rivalry in estimations of demand in MLS and the NHL.<\/i> Research presented at the Annual Conference for the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Boston, MA.<\/p><\/div><div><p>Xantos, Y., Laumann, M., Harris, S., Cobbs, J. B., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017, October).\u00a0<i>Sparks to the rivalry fire: Comparing the antecedents to rivalry across professional sports.<\/i> Research presented at the Annual Conference for the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Boston, MA.<\/p><\/div><div><p>Nichols, B., Cobbs, J. B., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017, August).\u00a0<i>Data-driven approaches to cause-related sports marketing: Conflicting effects of rival team presence.<\/i> Research presented at the Summer Conference for the American Marketing Association (Summer AMA), San Francisco, CA.<\/p><\/div><div><p>Cobbs, J. B. &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2017, June).\u00a0<i>Rivalry in Major League Soccer: Antecedents to rival fan discrimination.<\/i> Research presented at the Annual Conference for the North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM), Denver, CO.<\/p><\/div><div><p>Sparks, D., Cobbs, J. B., Tyler, B. D., &amp; Gardner, J. (2016, November).\u00a0<i>Measuring rivalry across professional leagues: Is animosity consistent across sports?<\/i>\u00a0Research presented at the Annual Conference for the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Indianapolis, IN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/jcobbs\/comparing-rivalry-in-professional-sports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Presentation slides<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Folz, A., &amp; Cobbs, J. (2016, November).\u00a0<i>The spoils of championships: Fan identification, envy, and rivalry.<\/i>\u00a0Research presented at the Annual Conference for the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Indianapolis, IN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/supportingfiles\/Folz_2016Poster_SMA_SpoilsofChampionships.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Poster (pdf)<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Ditter, J., Cobbs, J., Tyler, B. D., &amp; Nichols, B. S., (2016, November).\u00a0<i>Rivalry variation by geographic region: Are Canadians really more friendly?<\/i>\u00a0Research presented at the Annual Conference for the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Indianapolis, IN.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/jcobbs\/sports-rivalry-comparison-by-geography-are-canadians-more-friendly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Presentation slides<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><p>Tyler, B. D., &amp; Cobbs, J. (2016, August).\u00a0<i>Why is rivalry important to college football fans? A comparative analysis of 12 elements.<\/i>\u00a0Research presented at the Summer Educators Conference for the American Marketing Association (AMA), Atlanta, GA.<\/p><\/div><div><p>Tyler, B. D. &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2014, May).\u00a0<i>Visualizing rivalry intensity: A Social Network Analysis of fan perceptions.<\/i>\u00a0Research presented at the meeting of the North American Society for Sport Management (NASSM), Pittsburgh, PA.<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/6043449\/Visualizing_Rivalry_Intensity_A_Social_Network_Analysis_of_Fan_Perceptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Full Abstract<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/jcobbs\/rivalry-tyler-cobbsnassm20140529a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Presentation Slides<\/a><\/p><p>Tyler, B. D. &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2009, October).\u00a0<i>Advancing toward an understanding of sport rivalry.<\/i>\u00a0Paper presented at the meeting of the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Cleveland, OH.<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/Delivery.cfm\/SSRN_ID2394288_code2108884.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Full Paper<\/a><\/p><p><b>Academic Course:\u00a0<\/b>Cobbs, J. B. (2015). Website for <a href=\"\/course\">SpB 200: Rivalry &amp; Ritual in International Sport<\/a><\/p><div class=\"krResearchPubAbstract\">\u2018Rivalry and Rituals\u2019 uses the socially prominent context of international sports to examine cultural development, influence, and conflict within and across persons and geographic boundaries.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"a-rivalry-bibliography-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"a-rivalry-bibliography-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t        <p>Alvarado-Karste, D. &amp; Kidwell, B. (2021). The anatomy of a rivalry: The role of resentment in the development of brand attitudes. <i>Journal of Product &amp; Brand Management, ahead-of-print.<\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JPBM-09-2019-2573\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JPBM-09-2019-2573<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Amani, D. (2019). Fan Identification, Brand Community Identification, and Oppositional Brand Loyalty towards Sponsors of a Rival Sports Team: The Mediating Role of Schadenfreude: Journal of Business and Behavioural Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 25\u201340. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21009\/JOBBE.003.2.02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21009\/JOBBE.003.2.02<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Ambrose, S. C., &amp; Schnitzlein, N. (2017). What makes for the best rivalries in individual sports and how can marketers capitalize on them? Sport Marketing Quarterly, 26(4), 223\u2013234.<\/p>\n\n<p>Angell, R. J., Gorton, M., Bottomley, P., &amp; White, J. (2016). Understanding fans\u2019 responses to the sponsor of a rival team. European Sport Management Quarterly, 16(2), 190\u2013213. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1135975\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1135975<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Armstrong, G., &amp; Giulianotti, R. (Eds.). (2001). <i>Fear and loathing in world football.<\/i> Berg Publishers.<\/p>\n\n<p>Back, M. D., K\u00fcfner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., &amp; Denissen, J. J. A. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1013\u20131037. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034431\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0034431<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Bee, C., &amp; Dalakas, V. (2015). Rivalries and sponsor affiliation: Examining the effects of social identity and argument strength on responses to sponsorship-related advertising messages. Journal of Marketing Communications, 21(6), 408\u2013424. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13527266.2013.828768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13527266.2013.828768<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Bee, C., King, J., &amp; Stornelli, J. (2019). Are you with us or against us? 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Featuring the Hometown Team in Cause-Related Sports Marketing: A Cautionary Tale for League-Wide Advertising Campaigns. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 25(4), 212\u2013226.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nichols, B. S., Cobbs, J., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2019). Rival team effects in cause-related sports marketing. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-01-2019-0010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-01-2019-0010<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Parrish, C., &amp; Tyler, B. D. (2018). Supercl\u00e1sicos and rivalry antecedents: Exploring soccer club rivalries in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Soccer &amp; Society, 19(5\u20136), 766\u2013782. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14660970.2017.1399604<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Piezunka, H., Lee, W., Haynes, R., &amp; Bothner, M. S. (2018). Escalation of competition into conflict in competitive networks of Formula One drivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(15), E3361\u2013E3367. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1717303115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1717303115<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Pike, B. E., Kilduff, G. J., &amp; Galinsky, A. D. (2018). The Long Shadow of Rivalry: Rivalry Motivates Performance Today and Tomorrow. Psychological Science, 29(5), 804\u2013813. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797617744796\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797617744796<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Pope, S. W., &amp; Nauright, J. (2016). American-British Sporting Rivalries and the Making of the Global Sports Industry. Comparative American Studies An International Journal, 14(3\u20134), 302\u2013319. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14775700.2016.1242694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14775700.2016.1242694<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Popp, B., Germelmann, C. C., &amp; Jung, B. (2016). We love to hate them! Social media-based anti-brand communities in professional football. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 17(4). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-11-2016-018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-11-2016-018<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Popp, B., Horbel, C., &amp; Germelmann, C. C. (2018). Social-Media-Based Antibrand Communities Opposing Sport-Team Sponsors: Insights From Two Prototypical Communities. International Journal of Sport Communication, 11(3), 339\u2013368. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsc.2018-0082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsc.2018-0082<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Puzakova, M., &amp; Aggarwal, P. (2018). Brands as Rivals: Consumer Pursuit of Distinctiveness and the Role of Brand Anthropomorphism. Journal of Consumer Research, 45(4), 869\u2013888. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcr\/ucy035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcr\/ucy035<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Quintanar, S. M., Deck, C., Reyes, J. A., &amp; Sarangi, S. (2015). You are close to your rival and everybody hates a winner: A study of rivalry in college football. Economic Inquiry, 53(4), 1908\u20131918. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecin.12215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ecin.12215<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Reams, L., &amp; Eddy, T. (2017). The impact of rivalry antecedents on mediated demand for an individual sport. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 26(4), 247\u2013260.<\/p>\n\n<p>Reeves, R. A., &amp; Tesser, A. (1985). Self-evaluation maintenance in sports team rivalries. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 23(4), 329\u2013331. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03330173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03330173<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Sanford, K., &amp; Scott, F. (2016). Assessing the Intensity of Sports Rivalries Using Data From Secondary Market Transactions. Journal of Sports Economics, 17(2), 159\u2013174. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1527002514527112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1527002514527112<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Sgourev, S. V., &amp; Operti, E. (2018). From Montagues to Capulets? Analyzing the systemic nature of rivalry in career mobility. Academy of Management Journal. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2017.0662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2017.0662<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Shoham, A., Dalakas, V., &amp; Lahav, L. (2015). Consumer Misbehavior: Aggressive Behavior by Sports Fans. Services Marketing Quarterly, 36(1), 22\u201336. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332969.2015.976506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332969.2015.976506<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Smith, R. A., &amp; Schwarz, N. (2003). Language, social comparison, and college football: Is your school less similar to the rival school than the rival school is to your school? Communication Monographs, 70(4), 351\u2013360. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0363775032000179142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0363775032000179142<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Stephan, W. G., &amp; Stephan, C. W. (2017). Intergroup Threat Theory. In The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication (pp. 1\u201312). American Cancer Society. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118783665.ieicc0162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118783665.ieicc0162<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Sung, H., Mills, B. M., &amp; Tainsky, S. (2017). From schadenfreude to mitfreude? Estimating viewership loss and rivalrous relationships in otherwise neutral markets. Sport Management Review, 20(2), 159\u2013169. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smr.2016.08.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smr.2016.08.006<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Swab, R. G., &amp; Johnson, P. D. (2018). Steel sharpens steel: A review of multilevel competition and competitiveness in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/job.2340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/job.2340<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>To, C., Kilduff, G. J., Ordo\u00f1ez, L., &amp; Schweitzer, M. E. (2018). Going for it on fourth down: Rivalry increases risk taking, physiological arousal, and promotion focus. Academy of Management Journal, 61(4), 1281\u20131306. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2016.0850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5465\/amj.2016.0850<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B. David, &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2015). Rival conceptions of rivalry: Why some competitions mean more than others. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(2), 227\u2013248. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1010558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16184742.2015.1010558<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B. David, Cobbs, J., Satinover Nichols, B., &amp; Dalakas, V. (2019). Schadenfreude, rivalry antecedents, and the role of perceived sincerity in sponsorship of sport rivalries. Journal of Business Research. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.029\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.09.029<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B. David, Cobbs, J., &amp; Xantos, Y. K. (2019). The Roots of Rivalry: Elements and Core Characteristics of Sport Rivalry. Understanding Rivalry and Its Influence on Sports Fans, 1\u201337. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-5225-8125-3.ch001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-5225-8125-3.ch001<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B.D., &amp; Cobbs, J. (2017). All rivals are not equal: Clarifying misrepresentations and discerning three core properties of rivalry. Journal of Sport Management, 31(1), 1\u201314. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsm.2015-0371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsm.2015-0371<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B.D., Morehead, C. A., Cobbs, J., &amp; DeSchriver, T. D. (2017). What is rivalry? Old and new approaches to specifying rivalry in demand estimations of spectator sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 26(4), 204\u2013222.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tyler, B. D. &amp; Cobbs, J. B. (2009, October). Advancing toward an understanding of sport rivalry. Paper presented at the meeting of the Sport Marketing Association (SMA), Cleveland, OH.<\/p>\n\n<p>Wann, D. L., &amp; Grieve, F. G. (2005). Biased evaluations of in-group and out-group spectator behavior at sporting events: The importance of team identification and threats to social identity. Journal of Social Psychology, 145(5), 531\u2013546. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3200\/SOCP.145.5.531-546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3200\/SOCP.145.5.531-546<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Wann, D. L., Havard, C. T., Grieve, F. G., Lanter, J. R., Partridge, J. A., &amp; Zapalac, R. K. (2016). Investigating sport rivals: Number, evaluations and relationship with team identification. Journal of Fandom Studies, 4(1), 71\u201388. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jfs.4.1.71_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1386\/jfs.4.1.71_1<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Wann, D. L., Haynes, G., McLean, B., &amp; Pullen, P. (2003). Sport team identification and willingness to consider anonymous acts of hostile aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 29(5), 406\u2013413. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.10046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.10046<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Watanabe, N. M., Pegoraro, A., Yan, G., &amp; Shapiro, S. L. (2019). Does rivalry matter? An analysis of sport consumer interest on social media. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-07-2018-0070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSMS-07-2018-0070<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Winfree, J. A. (2020). Rivalries, Bowl Eligibility, and Scheduling Effects in College Football. Journal of Sports Economics, 1527002520916915. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1527002520916915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1527002520916915<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Yip, J. A., Schweitzer, M. E., &amp; Nurmohamed, S. (2018). Trash-talking: Competitive incivility motivates rivalry, performance, and unethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 144, 125\u2013144. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.obhdp.2017.06.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.obhdp.2017.06.002<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Yoon, S., Kim, K., J. Beltis, A., Logan, J., &amp; Subramanian, G. (2019). Red Sox versus Yankees: Sports Team Rivalry, Sports Symbols, and Distance Performance. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1\u201312. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24704067.2018.1534216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24704067.2018.1534216<\/a>\t\t\t\t                            <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is rivalry? According to Tyler &#038; Cobbs (2017), rivalry is: Conflict with a highly salient outgroup that poses acute threat and enhancement to ingroup identity and\/or esteem. What sparks a rivalry? A thorough explanation can be found in\u00a0Tyler &amp; Cobbs (2015), but in short, 10 main ingredients fall into three categories: Conflict Conditions, Strong [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research - Know Rivalry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/knowrivalry.com\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research - Know Rivalry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is rivalry? According to Tyler &#038; Cobbs (2017), rivalry is: Conflict with a highly salient outgroup that poses acute threat and enhancement to ingroup identity and\/or esteem. What sparks a rivalry? 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